Debugging¶
A few tips for debugging your casper scripts:
Use the verbose mode¶
By default & by design, a Casper
instance won’t print anything to the console. This can be very limitating & frustrating when creating or debugging scripts, so a good practice is to always start coding a script using these settings:
var casper = require('casper').create({
verbose: true,
logLevel: "debug"
});
The verbose
setting will tell Casper to write every logged message at the logLevel
logging level onto the standard output, so you’ll be able to trace every step made.
Warning
Output will then be pretty verbose, and will potentially display sensitive informations onto the console. Use with care on production.
Hook in the deep using events¶
Events are a very powerful features of CasperJS, and you should probably give it a look if you haven’t already.
Some interesting events you may eventually use to debug your scripts:
- The
http.status.XXX
event will be emitted everytime a resource is sent with the HTTP code corresponding toXXX
; - The
remote.alert
everytime analert()
call is performed client-side; remote.message
everytime a message is sent to the client-side console;step.added
everytime a step is added to the stack;- etc…
Listening to an event is dead easy:
casper.on('http.status.404', function(resource) {
this.log('Hey, this one is 404: ' + resource.url, 'warning');
});
Ensure to check the full list of all the other available events.
Dump serialized values to the console¶
Sometimes it’s helpful to inspect a variable, especially Object contents. The utils_dump() function can achieve just that:
require('utils').dump({
foo: {
bar: 42
},
});
Note
utils_dump() won’t be able to serialize function nor complex cyclic structures though.
Localize yourself in modules¶
Warning
Deprecated since version 1.1.
As of 1.1, CasperJS uses PhantomJS’ builtin require and won’t expose the __file__ variable anymore.
If you’re creating Casper modules, a cool thing to know is that there’s a special built-in variable available in every module, __file__
, which contains the absolute path to current javascript file (the module file).
Name your closures¶
Probably one of the most easy but effective best practice, always name your closures:
Hard to track:
casper.start('http://foo.bar/', function() {
this.evaluate(function() {
// ...
});
});
Easier:
casper.start('http://foo.bar/', function afterStart() {
this.evaluate(function evaluateStuffAfterStart() {
// ...
});
});
That way, everytime one is failing, its name will be printed out in the stack trace, so you can more easily locate it within your code.
Note
This one also applies for all your other Javascript works, of course ;)